The New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are found from southern

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

, specifically from the

Southwest United States The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States that generally includes Arizona, New Mexico, and adjacent portions of California, Colorad ...

to northern

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

. They are ecologically the most varied and diverse

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

within the order

Chiroptera Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most bir ...

. Most species are insectivorous, but the phyllostomid bats include within their number true predatory species and frugivores (subfamily Stenodermatinae and Carolliinae). For example, the

spectral bat The spectral bat (''Vampyrum spectrum''), also called the great false vampire bat or Linnaeus's false vampire bat, is a large, carnivorous leaf-nosed bat found in Mexico, Central America, and South America. It is the only member of the genus '' ...

(''Vampyrum spectrum''), the largest bat in the

Americas The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with th ...

, eats vertebrate prey, including small,

dove Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

-sized birds. Members of this family have evolved to use food groups such as fruit, nectar, pollen, insects, frogs, other bats, and small vertebrates, and in the case of the

vampire bat Vampire bats, species of the subfamily Desmodontinae, are leaf-nosed bats found in Central and South America. Their food source is blood of other animals, a dietary trait called hematophagy. Three extant bat species feed solely on blood: the ...

s, even

blood Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood in the c ...

. Both the scientific and common names derive from their often large, lance-shaped noses, greatly reduced in some of the nectar- and pollen-feeders. Because these bats echolocate nasally, this "nose-leaf" is thought to serve some role in modifying and directing the echolocation call. Similar nose leaves are found in some other groups of bats, most notably the Old World leaf-nosed bats. New World leaf-nosed bats are usually brown, grey, or black, although five species are white. They range in size from in head-body length, and can weigh from . Most roost in fairly small groups within caves, animal burrows, or hollow trees, although some species aggregate in colonies of several hundred individuals. They do not

hibernate Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy characterized by low body-temperature, slow breathing and heart-rate, and low metabolic rate. It most ...

, although some species have been reported to aestivate.

Evolution

The Phyllostomidae, also known as New World leaf-nosed bats, are among the most ecologically diverse mammal families, displaying more morphological variation than any other mammalian family. This variation is measured by diversity in skull morphology and diet-related characteristics: Phyllostomidae consists of species that have evolved physical modifications for

insectivory A robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores wer ...

frugivory A frugivore is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance an ...

hematophagy Hematophagy (sometimes spelled haematophagy or hematophagia) is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words αἷμα ' "blood" and φαγεῖν ' "to eat"). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious pr ...

, nectarivory, and

omnivory An omnivore () is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize the nut ...

. The

nose-leaf A nose-leaf, or leaf nose, is an often large, lance-shaped nose, found in bats of the Phyllostomidae, Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a su ...

—a distinctive characteristic of the family—is thought to have evolved to reflect dietary and foraging behavior of different species of Phyllostomidae. With an evolutionary history tracing back to the

Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...

, fossil and phylogenetic evidence suggests the family originated about 30 million years ago. Leaf nosed bats evolved from

Yangochiroptera Yangochiroptera, or Vespertilioniformes, is a suborder of Chiroptera that includes most of the microbat families, except the Rhinopomatidae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, and Megadermatidae. These other families, plus the megabats, are seen ...

and

Miniopteridae ''Miniopterus'', known as the bent-winged or long winged bats, is the sole genus of the family Miniopteridae. They are small flying insectivorous mammals, micro-bats of the order Chiroptera, with wings over twice the length of the body. The genus ...

with sister groups also evolving from this group. The Phyllostomidae consist of 55 genera and about 180 species.

Description

New World leaf-nosed bats are bilaterally symmetrical and endothermic mammals characterized by an elaborate outgrowth of skin on their noses, called a nose-leaf, which is believed to aid in echolocation. The nose-leaf can be adorned with a vertical leaf, a concave upward leaf, or multiple accessory leaves; varying by species. Leaf-nosed bats lack a tail, have triangular-shaped ears that can have pointed or rounded tips, range in body size from 4 cm to 13.5 cm, and a wingspan up to 90 cm or more.

Biology and ecology

Like other bats, leaf-nosed bats are nocturnal foragers that use echolocation to locate food sources, though the food sources vary between species. Many bats in the family Phyllostomidae appear to have limited reliance on echolocation, likely because

frugivorous A frugivore is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance and ...

bats do not need to quickly identify flying insects like many other bats. Instead, species of leaf-nosed fruit bats appear to use scent to identify their preferred food sources. When they are not foraging, leaf-nosed bats roost in abandoned buildings, caves, and beneath folded leaves depending on the species. Nearly every roosting option present among bats is represented within this family, including species that prefer to roost alone, as well as species that roost with thousands of other individuals every day.

Diet

The Phyllostomidae demonstrate the most diverse dietary habits of any family of bats across the globe. Because of this, general dietary patterns are categorized for each species. Leaf-nosed bats generally specialize in a particular type of diet which leads to classification in one of these groups: frugivore,

nectarivore In zoology, a nectarivore is an animal which derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of the sugar-rich nectar produced by flowering plants. Nectar as a food source presents a number of benefits a ...

insectivore A robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects. An alternative term is entomophage, which can also refer to the human practice of eating insects. The first vertebrate insectivores wer ...

omnivore An omnivore () is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize the nutr ...

, or

haematophagous Hematophagy (sometimes spelled haematophagy or hematophagia) is the practice by certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words αἷμα ' "blood" and φαγεῖν ' "to eat"). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious pro ...

. However, categorizations are based only on primary consumption habits, therefore observing species that occasionally consume food items outside of their particular classifications is not uncommon. Usually, when leaf-nosed bats consume outside of their primary dietary categorization, it is to ensure sufficient intake of nutrients that their primary food source may not provide. For example, nectar and ripe fruits provide sufficient amounts of carbohydrates and water, but are lacking in protein and fat.Elangovan, V., Marimuthu, G., Kunz, T.H. Temporal patterns of resource use by the short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) (2001) Journal of Mammalogy, 82 (1), pp. 161-165. To meet basic nutritional requirements, leaf-nosed bats that primarily feed on fruit and nectar must also ensure sufficient protein and fat intake by consuming insects or leaves. Most leaf-nosed bats are classified as insectivores and feed on a variety of small insects. Certain species with this classification capture their prey either while in flight or from foliage in trees or on the ground. Carnivorous species feed on a variety of animals ranging from frogs to other bats. The Desmodontinae fall into this general carnivorous category, but are further distinguished by feeding exclusively on blood. In contrast, some species in this family feed on exclusively plants, gaining needed nutrients from fruits and leaves.

Life cycle

Leaf-nosed bats are gonochoric (separate sexes) that partake in sexual copulation. These bats can live for 20–30 years and females become sexually active at two years of age. Female ovulation occurs from October through September, after the female mates, the gestation period ranges from 8–9 months with an initial 3- to 5-month diapause period when the fetus growth is slowed; this diapause period is controlled by hormones. The female gives birth to a single pup, which has open ears, open eyes, and the first set of deciduous teeth, and is fully furred at birth.

Social systems

Among species that roost in groups, some evidence exists for a

social hierarchy Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political). As ...

with higher-ranking individuals gaining access to preferred areas of the site. Solitary roosting bats, though, live alone and maintain a strict fidelity to a single roosting site. In some cases, males live alone or with harems, while females prefer to roost with other individuals and their pups. In nearly every species that has been studied, mothers and pups maintain a social bond that lasts beyond nursing. Apparently, young bats can learn food preferences from their mothers and when they are reluctant to leave the nest, mothers literally nudge the infants out of the roost.

Range

New World leaf-nosed bats range from the United States, in southern

Arizona Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...

and the West Indies to northern Argentina. The family inhabits a diverse array of environments and habitats ranging from forests to deserts.

Human impact

Species of New World leaf-nosed bats that make their homes in forested areas are greatly affected by agricultural intensification.Williams‐Guillén, K., & Perfecto, I. (2010). Effects of Agricultural Intensification on the Assemblage of Leaf-Nosed Bats (Phyllostomidae) in a Coffee Landscape in Chiapas, Mexico. Biotropica, 42(5), 605–613. Specifically, it has been found that increased agricultural activity by humans causes negative conservation effects on these habitats and as a result reduces abundance and diversity of leaf-nosed bats that live there. California leaf-nosed bats in particular are susceptible to human disruption. This species is known to create large roosts in closed mine shafts due to their potential to provide warmth and isolation. When humans enter the shafts or rework old mines, this disrupts the roosts of the leaf-nosed bats and has the potential to be detrimental to the population as a whole.

Classification

The 192 described

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

within 56

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

are: FAMILY PHYLLOSTOMIDAE * Genus †'' Notonycteris'' *Subfamily: Brachyphyllinae **Genus: '' Brachyphylla'' ***

Cuban fruit-eating bat The Cuban fruit-eating bat (''Brachyphylla nana'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae found in the Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Hispaniola (both the Dominican Republic and Haiti).It has been extirpated from the Bahamas and Jamaica ...

, ''B. nana'' ***

Antillean fruit-eating bat The Antillean fruit-eating bat (''Brachyphylla cavernarum'') is one of two leaf-nosed bat species belonging to the genus ''Brachyphylla''. The species occurs in the Caribbean from Puerto Rico to St. Vincent and Barbados. Fossil specimens have a ...

, ''B. cavernarum'' *Subfamily:

Carolliinae Carolliinae is a subfamily of bats. Classification Subfamily Carolliinae *Genus: ''Carollia'' - Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bats ** Benkeith's short-tailed Bat, ''Carollia benkeithi'' ** Silky Short-tailed Bat, ''Carollia brevicauda'' ** Chestnut S ...

**Genus: ''

Carollia ''Carollia'' is a genus of bats often referred to as the short-tailed fruit bats. Along with the genus ''Rhinophylla'', ''Carollia'' makes up the subfamily Carolliinae of family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. Currently, nine species of ...

'' - short-tailed leaf-nosed bats *** Benkeith's short-tailed bat, ''C. benkeithi'' ***

Silky short-tailed bat The silky short-tailed bat (''Carollia brevicauda'') is a bat species found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Mexico and Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic ...

, ''C. brevicauda'' *** Chestnut short-tailed bat, ''C. castanea'' ***

Colombian short-tailed bat The silky short-tailed bat (''Carollia brevicauda'') is a bat species found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Mexico and Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic ...

, ''C. colombiana'' *** Manu short-tailed bat, ''C. manu'' ***

Mono's short-tailed bat Mono's short-tailed bat (''Carollia monohernandezi'') is a leaf-nosed bat species found in Colombia and Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental ...

, ''C. monohernandezi'' ***

Seba's short-tailed bat Seba's short-tailed bat (''Carollia perspicillata'') is a common and widespread bat species in the family Phyllostomidae. They are found in Central America, the northern parts of South America, and in the Antilles islands. Description ''C. pe ...

, ''C. perspicillata'' *** Sowell's short-tailed bat, ''C. sowelli'' *** Gray short-tailed bat, ''C. subrufa'' **Genus: ''

Rhinophylla ''Rhinophylla'' is a genus of South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the ...

'' ***

Hairy little fruit bat The hairy little fruit bat (''Rhinophylla alethina'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae found in Colombia and Ecuador. They are nocturnal creatures. They are listed as near-threatened by the IUCN The International Union for C ...

, ''R. alethina'' *** Fischer's little fruit bat, ''R. fischerae'' ***

Dwarf little fruit bat The dwarf little fruit bat (''Rhinophylla pumilio'') is a species of leaf-nosed bat from South America. Description As its name implies, the dwarf little fruit bat is a relatively small bat. Adults are just in head-body length, and weigh only ...

, ''R. pumilio'' *Subfamily: Desmodontinae - vampire bats **Genus: ''

Desmodus ''Desmodus'' is a genus of bats which—along with the genera ''Diaemus'' and ''Diphylla''—are allied as the subfamily Desmodontinae, the carnivorous, blood-consuming vampire bats of the New World leaf-nosed bat family Phyllostomidae. The ge ...

'' ***''D. archaeodaptes'', † *** Giant vampire bat, ''D. draculae'' †,Turvey, S.T. (2009). Holocene mammal extinctions. In: Turvey, S.T. (editor) (2009). ''Holocene Extinctions''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Turvey, S. 2008
''Desmodus draculae''.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 02 March 2016. *** Cuban vampire bat, ''D. puntajudensis'' † ***

Common vampire bat The common vampire bat (''Desmodus rotundus'') is a small, leaf-nosed bat native to Latin America. It is one of three extant species of vampire bat, the other two being the hairy-legged and the white-winged vampire bats. The common vampire bat ...

, ''D. rotundus'' Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. ''Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'' (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp.Barquez, R., Perez, S., Miller, B. & Diaz, M. 2015
''Desmodus rotundus''.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 02 March 2016. ***

Stock's vampire bat ''Desmodus stocki'', or Stock's vampire bat, is an extinct species of vampire bat native to Pleistocene Florida, farther north than any living vampire bats. It weighed about 50% more than the common vampire bat The common vampire bat (''Desmo ...

, ''D. stocki'' †,Knox Jones JR, J. (1958). Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396, December 19, 1958.
Available online
**Genus: ''Diaemus'' ***

White-winged vampire bat The white-winged vampire bat (''Diaemus youngi''), a species of vampire bat, is the only member of the genus ''Diaemus''. They are found from Mexico to northern Argentina and are present on the islands of Trinidad and Margarita. Etymology and ta ...

, ''D. youngi'' **Genus: ''Diphylla'' ***

Hairy-legged vampire bat The hairy-legged vampire bat (''Diphylla ecaudata'') is one of three extant species of vampire bats. It mainly feeds on the blood of wild birds, but can also feed both on domestic birds and humans. This vampire bat lives mainly in tropical and ...

, ''D. ecaudata'' *Subfamily:

Glossophaginae Glossophaginae is a subfamily of leaf-nosed bats. List of species Subfamily: Glossophaginae * Tribe Glossophagini **Genus: '' Anoura'' - Geoffroy's long-nosed bats ***'' Anoura aequatoris'' *** Cadena's tailless bat, ''Anoura cadenai'' *** Ta ...

** Tribe Glossophagini ***Genus: '' Anoura'' - Geoffroy's long-nosed bats ****'' Anoura aequatoris'' **** Cadena's tailless bat, ''A. cadenai'' **** Tailed tailless bat, ''A. caudifera'' **** Handley's tailless bat, ''A. cultrata'' **** Tube-lipped nectar bat, ''A. fistulata'' ****

Geoffroy's tailless bat Geoffroy's tailless bat (''Anoura geoffroyi'') is a species of phyllostomid bat from the American tropics. Description Geoffroy's tailless bat is a medium-sized bat, measuring around in total length and weighing . It has dark to dull brown fur o ...

, ''A. geoffroyi'' **** Broad-toothed tailless bat, ''A. latidens'' **** Luis Manuel's tailless bat, ''A. luismanueli'' ****'' Anoura peruana'' ***Genus: '' Choeroniscus'' **** Godman's long-tailed bat, ''C. godmani'' **** Greater long-tailed bat, ''C. periosus'' **** Lesser long-tongued bat, ''C. minor'' ***Genus: '' Choeronycteris'' ****

Mexican long-tongued bat The Mexican long-tongued bat (''Choeronycteris mexicana'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only species within the genus ''Choeronycteris''. The species is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and th ...

(hog-nosed bat), ''C. mexicana'' ***Genus: '' Dryadonycteris'' **** Dryades bat, ''D. capixaba'' ***Genus: ''

Glossophaga ''Glossophaga'' (long-tongued bat) is a genus of bats in the leaf-nosed bat family, Phyllostomidae. Members of the genus are native to the American Neotropics. Species *''G. antillarum'' (Rehn, 1902): Jamaican long-tongued bat, Jamaica. *''G ...

'' ****

Commissaris's long-tongued bat Commissaris's long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga commissarisi'') is a bat species from South and Central America. Description The bat's length ranges from 43 to 65 mm, has a wingspan of 32 to 42 mm, and weighs on average 9.3 to 9.5 grams ...

, ''G. commissarisi'' **** Gray long-tongued bat, ''G. leachii'' **** Miller's long-tongued bat, ''G. longirostris'' **** Western long-tongued bat, ''G. morenoi'' ****

Pallas's long-tongued bat Pallas's long-tongued bat (''Glossophaga soricina'') is a South and Central American bat with a fast metabolism that feeds on nectar. Metabolism It has the fastest metabolism ever recorded in a mammal, similar to those of hummingbirds. Althou ...

, ''G. soricina'' ***Genus: '' Hylonycteris'' ****

Underwood's long-tongued bat Underwood's long-tongued bat (''Hylonycteris underwoodi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only species within the genus ''Hylonycteris''. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. Hylonycteri ...

, ''H. underwoodi'' ***Genus: '' Leptonycteris'' - Saussure's long-nosed bats **** Southern long-nosed bat, ''L. curasoae'' ****

Greater long-nosed bat The greater long-nosed bat or Mexican long-nosed bat (''Leptonycteris nivalis'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Mexico and the United States. It chiefly consumes pollen and nectar, particularly from agave plant ...

or Mexican long-nosed bat, ''L. nivalis'' **** Lesser long-nosed bat or Mexican long-nosed bat, ''L. yerbabuenae'' ***Genus: '' Lichonycteris'' **** Dark long-tongued bat, ''L. obscura'' ***Genus: '' Monophyllus'' ****

Insular single leaf bat The insular single leaf bat or Lesser Antillean long-tongued bat (''Monophyllus plethodon'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found on the Lesser Antilles, on Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Guadeloupe, M ...

, ''M. plethodon'' **** Leach's single leaf bat, ''M. redmani'' ***Genus: '' Musonycteris'' ****

Banana bat The banana bat (''Musonycteris harrisoni'') is an endangered species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is also commonly known as the trumpet-nosed bat or the Colima long-nosed bat. Description ''M. harrisoni'' is a medium-sized bat ( 1 ...

(Colima long-nosed bat), ''M. harrisoni'' ***Genus: '' Scleronycteris'' **** Ega long-tongued bat, ''S. ega'' ** Tribe Lonchophyllini ***Genus: '' Lionycteris'' ****

Chestnut long-tongued bat The chestnut long-tongued bat (''Lionycteris spurrelli'') is a bat species from South and Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United St ...

, ''L. spurrelli'' ***Genus: '' Lonchophylla'' **** Bokermann's nectar bat, ''L. bokermanni'' **** Cadena's long-tongued bat, ''L. cadenai'' **** Chocoan long-tongued bat, ''L. chocoana'' ****'' Lonchophylla concava'' ****

Dekeyser's nectar bat Dekeyser's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla dekeyseri'') is a bat species found in Brazil and Bolivia.Griffiths, T.A. and Gardner, A.L. 2008. Subfamily Glossophaginae Bonaparte, 1845. In: A.L. Gardner (ed.), Mammals of South America. Volume 1, pp. 224 ...

, ''L. dekeyseri'' **** Arched nectar bat, ''L. fornicata'' **** Handley's nectar bat, ''L. handleyi'' **** Western nectar bat, ''L. hesperia'' ****

Goldman's nectar bat Goldman's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla mordax'') is a bat species found in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador and Panama Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a trans ...

, ''L. mordax'' **** Orcés’s long-tongued bat, ''L. orcesi'' ****'' Lonchophylla orienticollina'' **** Patton's long-tongued bat, ''L. pattoni'' ****'' Lonchophylla peracchii'' **** Orange nectar bat, ''L. robusta'' ****

Thomas's nectar bat Thomas's nectar bat (''Lonchophylla thomasi'') is a bat species from South and Central America. Thomas's nectar bat pollinates the vine ''Marcgravia ''Marcgravia'' is a genus of plants in the Marcgraviaceae family commonly eaten by the dwarf l ...

, ''L. thomasi'' ***Genus: '' Platalina'' ****

Long-snouted bat The long-snouted bat (''Platalina genovensium'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only species within the genus ''Platalina''. It is endemic to northern Peru and northern Chile. It feeds almost exclusively on the nect ...

, ''P. genovensium'' ***Genus: ''

Xeronycteris Vieira's long-tongued bat (''Xeronycteris vieirai'') is a species of bat from northeastern Brazil, discovered in 2005 by Gregorin and Ditchfield. It is the only species in the genus ''Xeronycteris''. References Phyllostomidae Bats of Braz ...

'' **** Vieira's long-tongued bat, ''X. vieirai'' *Subfamily: Phyllonycterinae **Genus: '' Erophylla'' - brown flower bats *** Brown flower bat, ''E. bombifrons'' ***

Buffy flower bat The buffy flower bat (''Erophylla sezekorni'') is a species of bat in the leaf-nosed bat family, Phyllostomidae. It is found in the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, Cuba, and Jamaica. Description The buffy flower bat is considered a medium-sized ...

, ''E. sezekorni'' **Genus: ''

Phyllonycteris ''Phyllonycteris'' is a genus of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It contains the following species: * Jamaican Flower Bat (''Phyllonycteris aphylla'') * † Puerto Rican Flower Bat (''Phyllonycteris major'') * Cuban Flower Bat (''Phyllonycteri ...

'' - Jamaican flower bats ***

Jamaican flower bat The Jamaican flower bat (''Phyllonycteris aphylla'') is a critically endangered species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is endemic to Jamaica. Taxonomy and etymology It was species description, described by American zoologist Gerrit Smit ...

, ''P. aphylla'' *** Puerto Rican flower bat, ''P. major'' ***

Cuban flower bat The Cuban flower bat (''Phyllonycteris poeyi''), also called Poey's flower bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found on the Caribbean islands of Cuba and Hispaniola (in both Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Descripti ...

, ''P. poeyi'' *Subfamily: Phyllostominae ** Tribe Micronycterini ***Genus: ''

Glyphonycteris ''Glyphonycteris'' is a genus of bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Ba ...

'' ****

Behn's bat Behn's bat, Behn's big-eared bat, or Behn's graybeard bat (''Glyphonycteris behnii'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae found in Brazil and Peru. It is known only from six specimens and is considered rare. It feeds on insects and ...

, ''G. behnii'' ****

Davies's big-eared bat Davies's big-eared bat or the graybeard bat (''Glyphonycteris daviesi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is named after James (Jim) Noel Davies (B. 1936) who discovered it whilst on an expedition in British Guiana, South A ...

, ''G. daviesi'' ****

Tricolored big-eared bat The tricolored big-eared bat (''Glyphonycteris sylvestris'') is a bat species from South and Central America. Description Individuals weigh and have forearm lengths of . The fur on its back is long, woolly, and dark brown. Individual hairs ar ...

, ''G. sylvestris'' ***Genus: '' Lampronycteris'' **** Yellow-throated big-eared bat, ''L. brachyotis'' ***Genus: ''

Macrotus ''Macrotus'' is a genus of bats in the Neotropical family Phyllostomidae. This genus contains two species, ''Macrotus californicus'' commonly known as California leaf-nosed bat and ''Macrotus waterhousii'' commonly known as Mexican or Waterho ...

'' - leaf-nosed bats ****

California leaf-nosed bat The California leaf-nosed bat (''Macrotus californicus'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Mexico and the United States. Its natural habitat is hot deserts. Habitat California leaf-nosed bats can be found in ...

, ''M. californicus'' ****

Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat (''Macrotus waterhousii'') is a species of big-eared bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in the Cayman Islands, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Jamaica, and Mexico, with a range from Sonora ...

, ''M. waterhousii'' ***Genus: ''

Micronycteris ''Micronycteris'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats. List of species Genus ''Micronycteris'' - little big-eared bats * Brosset's big-eared bat, ''Micronycteris brosseti ''Simmons & Voss, 1998 * '' Micronycteris buriri'' Larsen, Siles, Pedersen, & Kw ...

'' - little big-eared bats **** Brosset's big-eared bat, ''M. brosseti'' **** Giovanni's big-eared bat, ''M. giovanniae'' **** Hairy big-eared bat, ''M. hirsuta'' **** Pirlot's big-eared bat, ''M. homezi'' **** Matses's big-eared bat, ''M. matses'' **** Little big-eared bat, ''M. megalotis'' **** Common big-eared bat, ''M. microtis'' ****

White-bellied big-eared bat The white-bellied big-eared bat (''Micronycteris minuta'') is a bat species from South and Central America, as well as Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost islan ...

, ''M. minuta'' **** Sanborn's big-eared bat, ''M. sanborni'' **** Schmidts's big-eared bat, ''M. schmidtorum'' ***Genus: '' Neonycteris'' **** Least big-eared bat, ''N. pusilla'' ***Genus: '' Trinycteris'' **** Niceforo's big-eared bat, ''T. nicefori'' ** Tribe Vampyrini ***Genus: ''

Chrotopterus The big-eared woolly bat or (Peters's) woolly false vampire bat (''Chrotopterus auritus'') is a species of bat, belonging to the family Phyllostomidae. The name ''Chrotopterus'' is derived from Greek roots ''ch''ariots (skin, color), and ''pter ...

'' **** Big-eared woolly bat, ''C. auritus'' ***Genus: ''

Lophostoma ''Lophostoma'' is a genus of Central and South American bats in the family Phyllostomidae. Species Genus ''Lophostoma'' * Pygmy round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma brasiliense'' * Carriker's round-eared bat, ''Lophostoma carrikeri'' * Davis's round ...

'' **** Pygmy round-eared bat, ''L. brasiliense'' **** Carriker's round-eared bat, ''L. carrikeri'' ****

Davis's round-eared bat Davis's round-eared bat (''Lophostoma evotis'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and southeastern Mexico. Description Its ears are long with rounded tips. Its fur is dark gray. Its for ...

, ''L. evotis'' **** Western round-eared bat, ''L. occidentalis'' **** Schultz's round-eared bat, ''L. schulzi'' ****

White-throated round-eared bat The white-throated round-eared bat (''Lophostoma silvicolum'') is a bat species found from Honduras to Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. It creates roosts inside the nests of the termite, ''Nasutitermes corniger''. It thrives on a mainly insect-base ...

, ''L. silvicolum'' ****

Yasuni round-eared bat ''This page is a list of species of the order Chiroptera discovered in the 2000s. See also parent page Mammals described in the 2000s.'' 2008 ''Desmalopex microleucopterus'' (2008) A new species of flying fox found on Mindoro Island, Philippines. ...

, ''L. yasuni'' ***Genus: ''

Tonatia ''Tonatia'' is a small genus of South and Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the ...

'' - round-eared bats ****

Greater round-eared bat The greater round-eared bat (''Tonatia bidens'') is a bat species found in northeastern and southern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. The species feeds on fruit as well as hunting small bird Birds are a group of warm- ...

, ''T. bidens'' **** Stripe-headed round-eared bat, ''T. saurophila'' ***Genus: ''

Trachops The fringe-lipped bat (''Trachops cirrhosus'') is a leaf-nosed bat from southern Mexico to Bolivia and southern Brazil. It has three subspecies and no known fossils. It is the only species within its genus. Morphology The fringe-lipped bat has ...

'' **** Fringe-lipped bat, ''T. cirrhosus'' ***Genus: ''

Vampyrum The spectral bat (''Vampyrum spectrum''), also called the great false vampire bat or Linnaeus's false vampire bat, is a large, carnivorous leaf-nosed bat found in Mexico, Central America, and South America. It is the only member of the genus '' ...

'' ****

Spectral bat The spectral bat (''Vampyrum spectrum''), also called the great false vampire bat or Linnaeus's false vampire bat, is a large, carnivorous leaf-nosed bat found in Mexico, Central America, and South America. It is the only member of the genus '' ...

, ''V. spectrum'' ** Tribe Lonchorhinini ***Genus: ''

Lonchorhina ''Lonchorhina'' is a genus of Central and South American bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true ...

'' - sword-nosed bats ****

Tomes's sword-nosed bat Tomes's sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina aurita''), also known as the common sword-nosed bat is a bat species from South and Central America. It is also found in the Bahamas, but is known from only one specimen collected on the island of New Provid ...

, ''L. aurita'' ****

Fernandez's sword-nosed bat Fernandez's sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina fernandezi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the smallest species of the '' Lonchorhina'' genus. It is endemic to Venezuela. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this ...

, ''L. fernandezi'' ****

Northern sword-nosed bat The northern sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina inusitata'') is a bat species found in Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname and Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Ven ...

, ''L. inusitata'' ****

Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina marinkellei'') is a bat species found in Colombia. In 2013, Bat Conservation International listed this species as one of the 35 species of its worldwide priority list of conservation. Its species name ...

, ''L. marinkellei'' ****

Orinoco sword-nosed bat The Orinoco sword-nosed bat (''Lonchorhina orinocensis'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República ...

, ''L. orinocensis'' ***Genus: ''

Macrophyllum The long-legged bat (''Macrophyllum macrophyllum'') is a member of the Phyllostomidae family in the order Chiroptera. Both males and females of this species are generally small, with wingspans reaching 80mm with an average weight ranging betwee ...

'' **** Long-legged bat, ''M. macrophyllum'' ***Genus: ''

Mimon ''Mimon'' is a bat genus from South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the ...

'' - Gray's spear-nosed bats ****

Golden bat The golden bat (''Mimon bennettii'') is a bat species found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Ve ...

, ''M. bennettii'' ****

Cozumelan golden bat The Cozumelan golden bat (''Mimon cozumelae'') is a bat species found in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. At one time, this species was considered to be a subspecies of the golden bat (''Mimon ben ...

, ''M. cozumelae'' ****

Striped hairy-nosed bat The striped hairy-nosed bat (''Mimon crenulatum'') is a bat species found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, Repúb ...

, ''M. crenulatum'' ****

Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat (''Mimon koepckeae'') is a species of bat that is endemic to Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the ...

, ''M. koepckeae'' ** Tribe Phyllostomatini ***Genus: ''

Phylloderma The pale-faced bat (''Phylloderma stenops'') is a bat species from South and Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the ...

'' - Peters's spear-nosed bat ****

Pale-faced bat The pale-faced bat (''Phylloderma stenops'') is a bat species from South America, South and Central America. References

Phyllostomidae Bats of Central America Bats of South America Bats of Brazil Mammals of Colombia Mammals described in ...

, ''P. stenops'' ***Genus: '' Phyllostomus'' - spear-nosed bats **** Pale spear-nosed bat, ''P. discolor'' **** Lesser spear-nosed bat, ''P. elongatus'' **** Greater spear-nosed bat, ''P. hastatus'' **** Guianan spear-nosed bat, ''P. latifolius'' *Subfamily: Stenodermatinae **Genus: '' Ametrida'' ***

Little white-shouldered bat The little white-shouldered bat (''Ametrida centurio'') is a species of bat from South and Central America. It is the only species within its genus, the name of which translates as "reaper" or "destroyer". Description The little white-shouldere ...

, ''A. centurio'' **Genus: ''

Ardops The tree bat (''Ardops nichollsi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae and the only species in the genus ''Ardops''. It is found in Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Saint Lucia, Saba and Saint V ...

'' ***

Tree bat The tree bat (''Ardops nichollsi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae and the only species in the genus ''Ardops''. It is found in Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Saint Lucia, Saba and Sain ...

, ''A. nichollsi'' **Genus: '' Ariteus'' ***

Jamaican fig-eating bat The Jamaican fig-eating bat (''Ariteus flavescens'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only living species in the genus ''Ariteus''. The scientific name translates as "yellowish and warlike". There are no recognised s ...

, ''A. flavescens'' **Genus: ''

Artibeus The Neotropical fruit bats (''Artibeus'') are a genus of bats within the subfamily Stenodermatinae. The genus consists of 12 species, which are native to Central and South America, as well as parts of the Caribbean. Description These bats grow t ...

'' - Neotropical fruit bats ***Subgenus: ''

'' ****

Large fruit-eating bat The large fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus amplus'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in the countries of Colombia, Guyana, and Venezuela. The large fruit-eating bat is one of only a few microbats that eats leaves (a ...

, ''A. amplus'' ****

Fringed fruit-eating bat The fringed fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus fimbriatus''), is a species of bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals ...

, ''A. fimbriatus'' ****

Fraternal fruit-eating bat The fraternal fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus fraterculus'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae that is found in drier habitats in Ecuador and Peru. It was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the Jamaican fruit bat, but was ra ...

, ''A. fraterculus'' ****

Hairy fruit-eating bat The hairy fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus hirsutus'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is endemic to Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North Am ...

, ''A. hirsutus'' ****

Honduran fruit-eating bat The Honduran fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus inopinatus'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Description Artibeus inopinatus is a fruit eating bat native to Central America, ...

, ''A. inopinatus'' ****

Jamaican fruit bat The Jamaican, common or Mexican fruit bat (''Artibeus jamaicensis'') is a fruit-eating bat native to Mexico, through Central America to northwestern South America, as well as the Greater and many of the Lesser Antilles. It is also an uncommon re ...

, ''A. jamaicensis'' ****

Great fruit-eating bat The great fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus lituratus'') is a bat species found from Mexico to Brazil and Argentina, as well as in Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and To ...

, ''A. lituratus'' ****

Dark fruit-eating bat The dark fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus obscurus''), is a bat species from South America. Description Dark fruit-eating bats are relatively small, with an average body length of , and weighing from . Their fur is longer and darker than that of ...

, ''A. obscurus'' ****

Flat-faced fruit-eating bat The flat-faced fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus planirostris'') is a South American species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is sometimes considered a subspecies of the Jamaican fruit bat, but can be distinguished by its larger size, the pre ...

, ''A. planirostris'' ****''

Artibeus schwartzi ''Artibeus schwartzi'' is a species of bat found in the Lesser Antilles. It was previously considered a subspecies of the Jamaican fruit bat, (''A. jamaicensis''). It has been hypothesized that it arose from hybridization of three Artibeus speci ...

'' ***Subgenus: ''

Dermanura ''Dermanura'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats. Genus ''Dermanura'' * Andersen's fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura anderseni''The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017-1. . Downloaded on 19 August 2017 * Aztec fruit-eating bat, ''Dermanura ...

'' **** Andersen's fruit-eating bat, ''A. anderseni'' ****

Aztec fruit-eating bat The Aztec fruit-eating bat (''Dermanura azteca'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. Taxonomy and etymology It was described as a new species in 1906 by Danish mammalogist Knud Andersen. The holotype was collected by Edward Wil ...

, ''A. aztecus'' ****

Bogota fruit-eating bat The Bogota fruit-eating bat (''Dermanura bogotensis'') is a species of bat found in South America. Taxonomy and etymology This bat was described in 1906 by Danish mammalogist Knud Andersen. He described it as a subspecies of the Gervais's fruit ...

, ''A. bogotensis'' ****

Gervais's fruit-eating bat Gervais's fruit-eating bat (''Dermanura cinerea'') is a bat species found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, eastern Peru, Suriname and eastern Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, Repú ...

, ''A. cinereus'' **** Silver fruit-eating bat, ''A. glaucus'' **** Gnome fruit-eating bat, ''A. gnomus'' **** Solitary fruit-eating bat, ''A. incomitatus'' **** Pygmy fruit-eating bat, ''A. phaeotis'' **** Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat, ''A. rosenbergi'' ****

Toltec fruit-eating bat The Toltec fruit-eating bat (''Dermanura tolteca'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is also sometimes called the "lowland fruit eating bat." Taxonomy Three subspecies of the Toltec fruit-eating bat are recognized: ''A. t. t ...

, ''A. toltecus'' **** Thomas's fruit-eating bat, ''A. watsoni'' ***Subgenus: '' Koopmania'' ****

Brown fruit-eating bat The brown fruit-eating bat (''Artibeus concolor'') is a bat species found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, Re ...

, ''K. concolor'' **Genus: '' Centurio'' ***

Wrinkle-faced bat The wrinkle-faced bat (''Centurio senex'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae and the only identified member of the genus ''Centurio''. This bat is found in various countries in and around Central America. It eats fruit but is not ...

, ''C. senex'' **Genus: ''

Chiroderma ''Chiroderma'' – big-eyed bats or white-lined bats – is a genus of leaf-nosed bat found in North America, Central America, and South America and the Lesser Antilles. Species The following species were recognized , and a total of seven specie ...

'' - big-eyed bats or white-lined bats ***

Brazilian big-eyed bat The Brazilian big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma doriae'') is a species of phyllostomid bat from South America. The scientific name honours Italian naturalist Giacomo Doria. Description The Brazilian big-eyed bat is small, with a total length of , and ...

, ''C. doriae'' ***

Guadeloupe big-eyed bat The Guadeloupe big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma improvisum'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Guadeloupe and Montserrat. It is threatened by habitat loss mostly because of Hurricane Hugo, which destroyed 90% of its pop ...

, ''C. improvisum'' ***

Salvin's big-eyed bat Salvin's big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma salvini'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela Venezuela (; ) ...

, ''C. salvini'' ***

Little big-eyed bat The little big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma trinitatum'') is a bat species from South and Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to ...

, ''C. trinitatum'' ***

Hairy big-eyed bat The hairy big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma villosum'') is a bat species from South and Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to t ...

, ''C. villosum'' **Genus: '' Ectophylla'' ***

Honduran white bat The Honduran white bat (''Ectophylla alba''), also called the Caribbean white tent-making bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomatidae. It is the only member of the genus ''Ectophylla''. The genus and the species were both scientifi ...

, ''E. alba'' **Genus: ''

Enchisthenes The velvety fruit-eating bat (''Enchisthenes hartii''), also known as Hart's little fruit bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is monotypic, the only species within the genus ''Enchisthenes''. It is found in Central America, ...

'' ***

Velvety fruit-eating bat The velvety fruit-eating bat (''Enchisthenes hartii''), also known as Hart's little fruit bat, is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is the only species within the genus ''Enchisthenes''. It is found in Central America, Mexico, t ...

, ''E. hartii'' **Genus: '' Mesophylla'' ***

MacConnell's bat MacConnell's bat (''Mesophylla macconnelli''), is a bat species from South and Central America. It is the only species within the genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil or ...

, ''M. macconnelli'' **Genus: '' Phyllops'' - falcate-winged bats *** Cuban fig-eating bat, ''P. falcatus'' **Genus: ''

Platyrrhinus ''Platyrrhinus'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats in the tribe Stenodermatini of family Phyllostomidae. Twenty one species are known: * Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus albericoi'' *Slender broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus angustirostri ...

'' *** Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''P. albericoi'' ***''

Platyrrhinus aquilus ''Platyrrhinus'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats in the tribe Stenodermatini of family Phyllostomidae. Twenty one species are known: * Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus albericoi'' *Slender broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus angustirostri ...

'' *** Slender broad-nosed bat ''P. angustirostris'' ***

Eldorado broad-nosed bat The Eldorado broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus aurarius'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Guyana, Suriname, northern Brazil, and southern Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Ve ...

, ''P. (Vampyrops) aurarius'' ***

Short-headed broad-nosed bat The short-headed broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus brachycephalus'') is a bat species found in Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from t ...

, ''P. (Vampyrops) brachycephalus'' ***

Choco broad-nosed bat The Choco broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus chocoensis'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is native to Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, where it is found in the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena, Choco region lowlands. It is threatened by ...

, ''P. chocoensis'' *** Thomas's broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) dorsalis'' ***

Brown-bellied broad-nosed bat The brown-bellied broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus fusciventris'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. As a phyllostomid bat, it is characterized by a narrow uropatagium which is fringed with hair; a white dorsal stripe; large inne ...

''P. fusciventris'' ***

Heller's broad-nosed bat Heller's broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus helleri'') is a bat species from South and Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States t ...

, ''P. (Vampyrops) helleri'' ***''

Platyrrhinus incarum ''Platyrrhinus'' is a genus of leaf-nosed bats in the tribe Stenodermatini of family Phyllostomidae. Twenty one species are known: * Alberico's broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus albericoi'' *Slender broad-nosed bat, ''Platyrrhinus angustirostri ...

'' *** Buffy broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) infuscus'' *** Ismael's broad-nosed bat, ''P. ismaeli'' *** White-lined broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) lineatus'' ***

Quechua broad-nosed bat The Quechua broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus masu'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , ...

, ''P. masu'' *** Matapalo broad-nosed bat, ''P. matapalensis'' *** Geoffroy's rayed bat, ''P. nigellus'' ***''

Platyrrhinus nitelinea The western broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus nitelinea'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Rep ...

'' ***

Recife broad-nosed bat The Recife broad-nosed bat (''Platyrrhinus recifinus''), is a species of bat from South America. It is named for the city of Recife in Brazil, where it was first recorded by Oldfield Thomas in 1901. Previously considered "Vulnerable", the Recif ...

, ''P. (Vampyrops) recifinus'' *** Shadowy broad-nosed bat, ''P. umbratus'' *** Greater broad-nosed bat, ''P. (Vampyrops) vittatus'' **Genus: '' Pygoderma'' ***

Ipanema bat The Ipanema bat (''Pygoderma bilabiatum'') is a bat species of order Chiroptera and family Phyllostomidae. It is found in northern Argentina, Bolivia, southeastern Brazil and Paraguay. It is the only species within its genus. Description The ...

, ''P. bilabiatum'' **Genus: '' Sphaeronycteris'' ***

Visored bat The visored bat, (''Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum''), is a bat species from tropical South America. It is the only species in the genus ''Sphaeronycteris''. Although visored bats have some unique characteristics, they are thought to be most close ...

, ''S. toxophyllum'' **Genus: ''

Stenoderma The red fruit bat or red fig-eating bat (''Stenoderma rufum'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae, in the monotypic genus ''Stenoderma''.Gannon, M.R., Rodríguez-Durán, M., Kurta, A., and Willig, M.R. Stenoderma rufum Desmarest, Re ...

'' ***

Red fruit bat The red fruit bat or red fig-eating bat (''Stenoderma rufum'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae, in the monotypic genus ''Stenoderma''.Gannon, M.R., Rodríguez-Durán, M., Kurta, A., and Willig, M.R. Stenoderma rufum Desmarest, R ...

, ''S. rufum'' **Genus: '' Sturnira'' - yellow-shouldered bats or American epauleted bats *** Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat, S. aratathomasi'' *** Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. bidens'' *** Bogota yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. bogotensis'' *** Hairy yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. erythromos'' *** Chocó yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. koopmanhilli'' *** little yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. lilium'' ***

Highland yellow-shouldered bat The highland yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira ludovici'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela. Refer ...

, ''S. ludovici'' *** Louis's yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. luisi'' *** Greater yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. magna'' *** Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. mistratensis'' ***

Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat The Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira mordax'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found only in Costa Rica and Panama, and there are no subspecies. Description The bat is relatively small, with adults measuring ...

, ''S. mordax'' *** Lesser yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. nana'' *** Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat, ''S. oporaphilum'' ***'' Sturnira perla'' Jarrin-V & Kunz, 2011 ***

Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira sorianoi''), is an extant species of leaf-nosed bat indigenous to Bolivia and Venezuela, although its precise distribution is uncertain. Following the postulation of the species in 2005, ''S. sorianoi'' ...

, ''S. sorianoi'' ***

Thomas's yellow-shouldered bat The Thomas's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira thomasi'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is endemic to Guadeloupe. Taxonomy The genus ''Sturnira'' is known from six islands in the Lesser Antilles with Montserrat M ...

, ''S. thomasi'' ***

Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat (''Sturnira tildae'') is a bat species found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago (, ), officially the Republic ...

, ''S. tildae'' **Genus: ''

Uroderma ''Uroderma'' is a genus of Central and South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern ...

'' - tent-building bats ***

Tent-making bat The tent-making bat (''Uroderma bilobatum'') is an American leaf-nosed bat (Phyllostomidae) found in lowland forests of Central and South America. This medium-sized bat has a gray coat with a pale white stripe running down the middle of the back. ...

, ''U. bilobatum'' ***

Brown tent-making bat The brown tent-making bat (''Uroderma magnirostrum'') is a bat species from South and Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States ...

, ''U. magnirostrum'' **Genus: ''

Vampyressa ''Vampyressa'' is a genus of bats in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. They are known commonly as the yellow-eared bats or yellow-eared vampire bats.Tavares, V., et al. (2014)Systematics of ''Vampyressa melissa'' Thomas, 1926 (Chi ...

'' - yellow-eared bats ***''

Vampyressa elisabethae ''Vampyressa'' is a genus of bats in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. They are known commonly as the yellow-eared bats or yellow-eared vampire bats.Tavares, V., et al. (2014)Systematics of ''Vampyressa melissa'' Thomas, 1926 (Chi ...

'' ***

Melissa's yellow-eared bat Melissa's yellow-eared bat (''Vampyressa melissa'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in southern Colombia, Ecuador and Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacio ...

, ''V. melissa'' ***

Southern little yellow-eared bat The southern little yellow-eared bat (''Vampyressa pusilla'') is a frugivorous bat species found in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairet ...

, ''V. pusilla'' ***''

Vampyressa sinchi ''Vampyressa'' is a genus of bats in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. They are known commonly as the yellow-eared bats or yellow-eared vampire bats.Tavares, V., et al. (2014)Systematics of ''Vampyressa melissa'' Thomas, 1926 (Chi ...

'' ***

Northern little yellow-eared bat The northern little yellow-eared bat (''Vampyressa thyone'') is a bat species found from southern Mexico to Bolivia, the Guianas and western Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is th ...

, ''V. thyone'' **Genus: ''

Vampyriscus ''Vampyriscus'' (meaning: small vampire bat) is a genus of bats in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. There are three species previously included in the genus ''Vampyressa''. The two genera are differentiated by the morphology of ...

'' ***

Bidentate yellow-eared bat The bidentate yellow-eared bat (''Vampyriscus bidens'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae, native to South America. Formerly classified in the ''Vampyressa genus'', phylogenetic analyses support its inclusion in ''Vampyriscus''.H ...

, ''V. bidens'' ***

Brock's yellow-eared bat Brock's yellow-eared bat (''Vampyriscus brocki'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae, the leaf-nosed bats. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru. ...

, ''V. brocki'' ***

Striped yellow-eared bat ''Vampyriscus nymphaea'' is a species of bat Bats are mammals of the order Chiroptera.''cheir'', "hand" and πτερόν''pteron'', "wing". With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained fl ...

, ''V. nymphaea'' **Genus: '' Vampyrodes'' *** Great stripe-faced bat, ''V. caraccioli''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q600042 Taxa named by John Edward Gray